pfannkucee



2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G. PPANNKUGHE.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

(No Model.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT Crates,

GUSTAVE PFANNKUCHE, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE SCHUYLER ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

EPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 320,585, dated June 23, 1885.

Application filed November 22, 1834. (No model.)

To ttZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gusravn PFANNKUCHE, of the city and county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, a citizen of the AustroHungarian Empire, have made a new and useful Improvement in Regulators for Controlling the Separation and Feeding of the Carbon Pencils of Electric Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

I employ two electro-magnets, one of which,

having coils of low resistance, is placed in the.

arc-branch, and serves, upon the passage of a current over the circuit from the central station,to first cause a clutch to grasp a carboncarrier, to then raise the carbon-carrier to its maximum upward position, and thereupon to cause the clutch to release its mechanical grasp upon the carbon-carrier. The second electromagnet is placed in high resistance, shuntbranches j oining the opposite poles oi'the lamp, and serves to force the carbons together upon an abnormal increase in arc resistance. The feeding electromagnet is wound with two parallel fine shunt-wires of about equal resistance. The first wire is included in anormally-closed branch, which may be broken at one point upon the development of an abnormal strength of magnetism in its electro-magnet. The second wire is normally open, and is capable of also being broken at a second point upon astill greater strength of magnetism in said electromagnet. The normally-open break in the second branch is closed upon a moderate increase of magnetism in the shunt-magnet, and 5 both branches are thereafter broken upon a still further increase. "While only a moderate current is flowing through the first branch neither of two armatures of the electro-magnet will be affected; but upon an increase of arc resistance more current is diverted from the are through the first shunt-branch until an armature is attracted which closes the second shunt-branch. The two shunt-branches being thus closed, the electro-magnet is sufficiently magnetized to immediately attract a second armature, which tilts a ring-clutch and forces the upper carbon downward to effect a feed. The second armature, which thus feeds the carbon, also, when near its .upper position, breaks both shunt-branches, thereby destroying the magnetism of said shunt electromagnet, and leaving the armature and the feedingclutch free to return to their first position, and if a proper feed has not been effected by the first movement the operation is repeated until the arc resistance has been properly reduced.

The mechanism which is operated by the arc-branch magnet to first establish the are consists of two electromagnetic cores, aniron 6o carbon-holder passing midway between said cores, and a soft-iron armature having a clutchopening through which theiron carbon-holder passes. The clutcharmature extends from pole to pole of the two cores of the arc-branch 6 5 electro-magnet,but is magnetically unsymmetrical in respect to said cores. A portion of the armature under one core is composed of brass, while the other end is made entirely of iron. Thus when a current is passed through the arc-branch the iron clutch-bar is first attracted at one end, thereby tilting it and causing it to mechanically grasp the carbon-carrier. XVhen attracted to one core,the clutchbar becomes more'strongly magnetic and its opposite end is attracted, thereby restoring the c1utch-bar to a horizontal position at right angles to the carbon-holder and in an elevated position, butleaving said holder mechanically free to slide through the clutch-opening. At the juncture, however, when the carbonholder is left mechanically free to slide through the clutch, it is firmly held by magnetic attraction between the iron clutch-bar and the iron carbon-holder as long as the current in the arc-branch is maintained.

I will now describe my invention by refer ence to the accompanying drawings. Figure l is a side view of the feeding apparatus and electro-magnets. Fig. 2 is a section view so showing the electro-magncts and devices for establishing the are. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the lamp.

A A are two soft-iron cores, connected together at their top ends by a bar of soft'iron, upon which is wound coarse wire, forming a part of the arobranch of the lamp.

13 is a soft-iron armature, having a central opening somewhat larger than the iron carboncarrier C, which extends vertically through said aperture. Armature B, when the lamp is not in operation, rests in a horizontal position, and within stirrnps a b, and when in that position the carbon-holder slides freely within its central aperture. At one end of B the iron is cut away, and is replaced by brass, thus rendering said bar magnetically unsymmetrical. lVhen, therefore, a'current is passed through the arc-branch, core A first attracts the right end of B, thereby clutching and raising the carbon-carrier O and establishing the are. Almost at the same moment, however, after contact has been established between A and B, the left end becomes strongly magnetized, and is in turn attracted by A. Bar Bis then held in an elevated, but, as before, in a horizontal, position against the lower ends of cores A A, and carbon-holder 0 would again be free to slide through the clutch-aperture were it not magnetically supported by being attracted against the iron walls of the clutchaperture. After the arc has been established and has become abnormally lengthened the carbon-holder is thrust downward through the agency of an eleetro-magnet, D, having two independent and parallel coils of wire, respectively included in liiglrresistance shuntbranches 0 d. The first branch, (1, is normally closed, and, beginning at the positive pole of the lamp. includes one coil of electro-magnet D, lever E,eontact-pointR, anvilS,and thence passes around the arc. to the negative pole of the lamp. The second of the two branches, 0, which is wound upon elcctromagnet D, is normally open, and it is capable of being broken between an armature lever, F, and contact G. Beginning at the positive pole of the lam p,branch 0 passes to armature-lever F, thence to contact G, around electromagnet D, in the same direction as coil (I. Said branch is then completed through lever E, contact R, anvil S,and awire passing to the negative pole of thelamp. hen the arc resistance is at its normal length, only a small current flows through branch (I; but when the are resistance increases, the current is sufficient to cause D to attract armature H against the action of spring I, thereby bringing contact-points F and G together to close the branch 0. WVhen both 0 and d are closed, D instantly becomes doubly magnetic, and immediately attracts its second armature,K, thereby breaking both of said shunt-branches. Armature K is mounted upon a bar, L, pivoted at M, to which is attached a lifting-arm, P. \Vhen the armature is attracted, and is near the upper limit of its movement, P lifts the pivoted lever E by means of its arm Q. At the moment E is lifted the circuits through D are broken, D is demagnetized, and K, under the influence of gravity, is returned to its former position. Armature-lever L is provided with two setscrews, V N, against which a clamping-bar, O, is upwardly pressed by springs 5 h. Bar 0 is provided with an aperture, through which carbon-holder G can freely slide while 0 is in a horizontal position; but when K is attracted the right end of O is depressed, and the edge of the aperture at the right of O clutches said holder and forces it downward, thereby effecting the feed of the upper carbon to the extent of a small fraction of an inch. The carbon-holder is thrust downward until E is lifted and branches 0 d have been broken. Vhen K resumes its normal position, branches 0 d are again closed and O is in position to be again tilted to feed the carbon another step, and a step-by-step feed will continue until the arc resistance has been reduced to its normal amount.

It is obvious that in no emergency can breaking contact at F G be attended by serious sparking, from the fact that one branch is closed both when the other is opened and closed.

To prevent sparking between points It and S, I connect them by a German-silver wire, f, 'of about one thousand ohms, thereby stillaffording a complete circuit, though of much greater resistance,th rough the shunt-branches after B is raised from S. For convenience of construction, the German silver wire f is wound around the exterior of D in a direction opposite to that of a (Z, and for the purpose of utilizing any electromagnetic effects which might be due to the current flowing over it to partially neutralize the magnetism of D due to c d.

\Vhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of cores A A, magnetically-unsymmetrical armature-clutch B, and the iron carbon-holder O, substantially as set forth.

2. As a means for establishing the are of an electric lamp, the combination of an iron clamp through which an iron carbon-holder can normally slide, means for lifting the two sides of the clamp in succession, and an iron carbon holder which is first mechanically clutched and lifted by the clamp, and is then supported by magnetic attraction.

3. The combination of an iron clamp and an iron carbon-holder, said clamp in its first position leaving the carbon-holder free to slide therethrough, and in its second position mechanically clutching and raising said holder, and in its third position supporting the holder by electromagnetic attraction, substantially as set forth.

4. A clamp for an electric lamp which is itself the armature of an electro-magnet, in combination with an iron carbon-holder, substantially as set forth.

5. A clamp for an electric lamp which is itself an armature of an electro-magnet in which the iron is so distributed that one end is attracted in advance of the other, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, in an electric lamp, of two shuntwire branches, one being normally closed while the second is normally open, an

armature for closing the second branch, and D, shunt-branches e d, armature H,for closing an armature for breakingboth of said branches. branch 0, and armature K, for feeding the car- 7. In an electric lamp, an electro-magnet bons and for breaking both branches. for effecting the feeding of the carbons, hav- 9. The combination of shunt clectro-magnet 5 ing two parallel coils, the first being normally D, shunt-branches e d, contact-points R S, r 5 closed and the other open, an armature to and resistancewiref,substantially as set forth. close the second coil, and a second armature GUSTAVE PFANNKUOHE. and a feeding-clutch so arranged as to break \Vitnesses: both branches after feeding the carbons. O. L. BUCKINGHAM, 1o 8. The combination of shunt electro-magnet S. D. SOHUYLER.

It is hereby certified that Letters Patent No. 320,585, granted June 23, 1885, upon the application of Gustave Pfannkuche, of Hartford, Connecticut, for an improvement in Electric Arc Lamps, was erroneously issued to The Schuyler Electric Light Company of Hartford, Connecticut; that said Letters Patent should have been issued to The Schuyler Electric Light Company of New York; and that the said Letters Patent should be read With this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the ease in the Patent Office.

Signed, countersigned, and sealed this 10th day of November, A. D. 1885.

[SEAL] H. L. MULDROWV, aountersignedz Actmg Secretary of the Interior.

M. V. MONTGOMERY,

Commissioner of Patents. 

